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gather intelligence - translation to dutch
![The HQ of UK signals intelligence activities is [[Government Communications Headquarters]], [[Cheltenham]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aerial of GCHQ, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England 24May2017 arp.jpg?width=200 "The HQ of UK signals intelligence activities is [[Government Communications Headquarters]], [[Cheltenham]]")
![The headquarters of the [[Finnish Security Intelligence Service]] or SUPO in [[Punavuori]], [[Helsinki]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Supon päämaja Helsingissä 02.jpg?width=200 "The headquarters of the [[Finnish Security Intelligence Service]] or SUPO in [[Punavuori]], [[Helsinki]]")
Wikipedia
In computing, vectored I/O, also known as scatter/gather I/O, is a method of input and output by which a single procedure call sequentially reads data from multiple buffers and writes it to a single data stream, or reads data from a data stream and writes it to multiple buffers, as defined in a vector of buffers. Scatter/gather refers to the process of gathering data from, or scattering data into, the given set of buffers. Vectored I/O can operate synchronously or asynchronously. The main reasons for using vectored I/O are efficiency and convenience.
Vectored I/O has several potential uses:
- Atomicity: if the particular vectored I/O implementation supports atomicity, a process can write into or read from a set of buffers to or from a file without risk that another thread or process might perform I/O on the same file between the first process' reads or writes, thereby corrupting the file or compromising the integrity of the input
- Concatenating output: an application that wants to write non-sequentially placed data in memory can do so in one vectored I/O operation. For example, writing a fixed-size header and its associated payload data that are placed non-sequentially in memory can be done by a single vectored I/O operation without first concatenating the header and the payload to another buffer
- Efficiency: one vectored I/O read or write can replace many ordinary reads or writes, and thus save on the overhead involved in syscalls
- Splitting input: when reading data held in a format that defines a fixed-size header, one can use a vector of buffers in which the first buffer is the size of that header; and the second buffer will contain the data associated with the header
Standards bodies document the applicable functions readv and writev in POSIX 1003.1-2001 and the Single UNIX Specification version 2. The Windows API has analogous functions ReadFileScatter and WriteFileGather; however, unlike the POSIX functions, they require the alignment of each buffer on a memory page. Winsock provides separate WSASend and WSARecv functions without this requirement.
While working directly with a vector of buffers can be significantly harder than working with a single buffer, using higher-level APIs for working efficiently can mitigate the difficulties.
